Section I: Sandy to the Willamette: Nature, Navigation and Floods

Bureau of Environmental Services description of the Slough – “Basin Focus: Columbia Slough” 
Brochure – “What is a Slough?” 
Table – Estimated Riparian Wetland Habitat, Columbia River mile 12 to 145 
Chart – Number of Great Blue Heron Nests in the Portland/Vancouver area, 1987 
Map of Washington and Oregon 
Large version of Joseph Myers Map of Portland and vicinity 
William Clark’s Map of the Wappato Valley 
Lewis & Clark Archaeological Site Map 
Plant Resources of the Chinook and Cowlitz Indians 
William Clark’s account from the Sandy River past Hayden Island, November 1805 
The Oregon Treaty of 1846 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Document and Images, 1918 — “Closing the Columbia Slough” 
A Glossary of Flood Control Terms compiled by the League of Women Voters, circa 1972 
St. Johns Bridge Poem by Celia Burley 
St. Johns Review – St. Johns Bridge Articles 
Oregonian Ad recruiting workers – September 20, 1942 
Oregonian Article, August 12, 1943 – “Celebration Marks Completion of Vanport City” 
Excerpt from Vanport by Manly Maben – “Life in Vanport,” courtesy of Oregon Historical Society 
Vanport Resident’s Handbook – courtesy of Oregon Historical Society 
U.S. Department of Commerce Weather Bureau Reports, “Daily River Bulletin,” May 20-July 9, 1948

Section II: Berries, Catfish and Carp: Survival on the Slough

Oregonian article – “Blue Lake: Unhappy Hunting Ground” 
Descriptions of the effects of fever and ague
1905 McChesney Census documents 
Letter from the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Anson Dart, in 1851 
Prices and Wages in Early Portland 
Oral History quotes about subsistence on the slough 
Statistics – Japanese in Portland, 1890-1990 
1923 Alien Exclusion Law 
Executive Order 9066 
“Portland Assemby Center: Diary of Saku Tomita,” from Oregon Historical Quarterly, Summer 1980 
1945 Oregon State Alien Land Law 
Exclusionary clauses of the Oregon Constitution, 1859 
Statistics – African Americans in Portland and race in Oregon 
1946 Vanport Study – “Elements of Tenant Instability in a War Housing Project” 
Oregon Journal article, August 3, 1947 – “There’s Another Vanport” 
Northwest Clarion Flood Accounts 
Edna Pittman’s Account of the Vanport Flood 
Map of Census Tracts 22 and 23 in northeast Portland 
Northwest Environmental Advocates File Suit Against the City of Portland 
!Latin News! article – Se Han Encontrado Pescados Contaminados En El Columbia Slough

Section III: Hog Farms and Sewers: Commercial Communities

“St. Johns the City of Destiny” – From The Peninsula, 1909 
Statistics — Portland population and density, mode of transportation and streetcar lines 
View images of early Kenton 
Advertisement from the Kenton Spirit 
Memories of Industry on the Columbia Slough 
An Act to establish and incorporate the Port of Portland 
1935 Act relating to the taking of gravel, rock, and sand from navigable streams 
Oregonian article – “Forced Sale” 
Swan Island Maps, 1897, 1965 
Swan Island Drydock Image 
St. Johns Floating Drydock Image 
How does dredging work? The Port of Portland explains 
Groundwater movement chart 
Port of Portland pamphlet about the Columbia River Channel Project 
Port of Portland’s Statement of Need 
West Hayden Island Development Project 
Swan Island Airport Layout 
Aerial view of early Portland-Columbia Airport 
WPA Funds and Expenditures for the Portland-Columbia Airport 
Port of Portland Biennial Report, 1941-1942, “Portland Airport” 
“Seventy Years of Port Progress” in Portside Magazine 
Letter of dissent by Vancouver resident against Portland Aiport Expansion, 1968 
Letter of dissent by an eighth grade Vancouver resident against Airport Expansion, 1968 
Governor Tom McCall letter supporting dredging and filling the Columbia River for airport expansion, 1968 
Letter of dissent against Portland Aiport Expansion by Mrs. Doris M. Gierloff, 1968 
Summary of Environmental Impact Statement, Portland Airport, 1974 
1974 Airport Expansion 
South Runway Airport Expansion, 1974 
Portside article explaining de-icing at the Portland International Aiport, Winter, 1998-1999 
Petition to the Portland Mayor against the St. Johns Landfill, 1930 
Area map of petitioner’s residence 
Architect’s support of an incinerator at the St. Johns Landfill, 1931 
Central Labor Council of Portland Letter, 1931 
Oregonian article — “Economy Can’t Trump Environment,” January 26, 1996 
Oregonian article — “Erosion is Nibbling Away at St. Johns Landfill,” August 16, 1999 
Oregonian article — “St. Johns Landfill Gets a New Use,” June 26, 1998

Section IV: Science and Society in an Urban Landscape

Oregon Plan for Salmon and Watersheds 
Oregonian article — “Posting the Sewer Next Door,” December 10. 1992 
Northwest Environmental Advocates Suit Against the City of Portland, 1991 
Northwest Environmental Advocates Suit Against the City of Portland, Circuit Court, 1995 
Northwest Environmental Advocates Suit Against the City of Portland, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, 1996 
Northwest Environmental Advocates Suit reaches the Supreme Court 
Columbia Slough Ephemera 
Summary Water Quality Report: Columbia Slough Water Quality Management Plan, November 1988 
TMDL Fact Sheet

External Links

DEQ Oregon Water Quality Report, 1986-1995
The Clean Air Act
The National Environmental Policy Act
The Clean Water Act
The Endangered Species Act
Northwest Environmental Advocates Response to 1995 Sediment Studies 
1997 Columbia Slough Water Quality Report, prepared for the Bureau of Environmental Services by Scott Wells 
The Distribution and Transfer of Columbia Slough Sediments, Center for Coastal and Land Margin Research Web Site 
Contaminated Sediment Transport in the Columbia Slough System 
DEQ Stormwater Discharge Permit 
Endangered Species Act Program, City of Portland 
Willamette River Basin Water Quality, Department of Environmental Quality Web Site 
Willamette River Fact Sheet, American Heritage Rivers Web Site 
Willamette Riverkeeper Web Site 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Web Site

 

Section V: Recreating the Slough

Excerpts from the Report of the Park Board, Portland, Oregon, 1903 
“Big Postwar Industrial Center Proposed to Save Vanport City,” October 22, 1944 
Feasibility Recommendations for the Vanport Site, 1958 
Norman Smale letter to Mike Houck, 1988, describing changes in the Columbia Slough 
Senate Joint Resolution II, Authorizes the Columbia Slough Closure, 1969 
Letter from Shaver Transportation Company to the Corps of Engineers, June 22, 1968 
Letter to the Editor of the Press from Arthur A. Israelson, against the Columbia Slough Development Corporation 
Position of the League of Women Voters on Rivergate Development 
Oregonian article – “Factions Curse or defend Oregon’s Cinderella Slough” 
Columbia Slough – Should it Be Saved or Paved?” – The Press, May 10, 1972 
Planners present alternative plans for Columbia Slough” – The Press, May 31, 1972 
Articles – “Straub Hits Closure of Slough,” and “”Channel for barges proposed for slough”
Letter to the Port of Portland from Superintendent of Parks, September 11, 1972 
Letter from the Oregon Bass & Panfish Club to the Environmental Task Force, August 18, 1972 
Letter from Jamie Hart to Commissioner Schwab, July 25, 1975 regarding Columbia Slough Flood Control Project 
Letter from Howard Galbraith to Commissioner Schwab, October 13, 1975, advocating Plan #8 
Letter from Lawrence Barber to Commissioner Schwab, October 14, 1975, regarding recreation, navigation, and slough closure 
Columbia Slough Development proposal for the formation of a local improvement district, January 19, 1977 
Oregonian Article, June 13, 1978 “City Council report rates slough dredging too costly” 
Rivergate-North Portland Survey Study: Flood Control and Drainage Subgroup Workshop Notes, June 28, 1973 
Mazamas support Plan 3 
Game Commission Letter to the Citizen’s Resource Panel, July 26, 1972 
Excerpt of Lieutenant William Broughton from the Journals of Captain George Vancouver, 1792 
Oregonian article – “Island Land Purchased,” February 6, 1927 
Oregon Journal article – “Formal Opening of Resort at 2:30 p.m.,” May 26, 1928 
Spectator article – “The Coney Island of the West,” July 1942 
Jantzen Beach Center – “Jantzen Beach Merry-go-round” 
Columbia Steel Castings Suit, 1991 
Columbia Steel Castings Suit, 1992 
Lawsuit regarding Marine Drive