Part I – The Cascade Indians
Cascade Indian Tales
Questions to Consider:
How did the Cascade Indians view animals and the natural world?
Lewis’s description of the Camas-Washougal area and Cascade Indians’ dwellings
Herbert Beaver 1842 Letter to the Aboriginal Society
Questions to Consider:
How did Euro-Americans view the Cascade Indians?
What factors influenced those views?
1849 Journal entries from Major Osborne Cross
Questions to Consider:
What were Major Osborne Cross’ fears concerning the Cascade Rapids?
1850 Donation Land Claim Act
Questions to Consider:
Who was eligible for land under the Donation Land Claim Act?
How much land could an eligible person receive?
Early Town History
Newspaper Article: “Paper mill at LaCamas”
Newspaper Articles: “A flourishing town”
Questions to Consider:
What natural and human factors fueled the settlement of LaCamas?
Newspaper Article: “… was refused a license to open a saloon…”
Questions to Consider:
What was the tone or perspective of the author? What does the reporter advocate?
The History of Prune Hill
Questions to Consider:
What factors have influenced land-use change on Prune Hill?
Part II – Company Town
1919 Article: “Ancient history in Camas”
Newspaper Article: “Old timers recall early days at Camas Inn”
Questions to Consider:
How did ethnic tensions develop in Camas between 1884 and the 1920s?
Company Article: “The new Inn at Camas”
Questions to Consider:
Who built the Camas Inn? Why was it built?
Executive Order 11246
Newspaper Article: “Woman easily adjusts to supervisor position”
Newspaper Article: “Full Utilization Employment Attitudes Important”
Newspaper Article: “Full Utilization of Women, Minorities Required”
Transcript: Interview with Richard Kingsberry
Transcript: Interview with Crystal Odum interview
Letter: Equal Opportunity Employment Letter
Questions to Consider:
Why did the Crown Zellerbach Corporation recruit minority workers and provide better opportunities for women?
Why was there resistance to the change?
Newspaper Articles: “Girls continue strike at Camas paper bag plant”
Questions to Consider:
Why did the bag factory employees go on strike?
Transcript: Interview with Kathy Sinclair
Questions to Consider:
How did World War II affect women workers at the Camas mill?
Legislation: The Equal Pay Act of 1963
Questions to Consider:
What were the main provisions of the Equal Pay Act?
Image: 1918 postcard from Camas
Newspaper Article: “Paper mills will not employ union labor”
Newspaper Article: “Paper company gives out circular letter”
Newspaper Article: “Six girl strikers put under arrest”
Questions to Consider:
How did the Crown Willamette Paper Company break the 1917 strike?
What was the company’s position on unions?
1935 Labor Legislation: the National Labor Relations Act
Questions to Consider:
What does the NLRA do? Why was it passed?
Article: How could a strike happen here? It couldn’t … but we have it
Transcript: Interview with Bob Cochrane
Union president’s views: “As I write … we are on strike”
Questions to Consider:
What issues have caused Camas paper mill workers to strike?
What have been the results of those strikes been?
Part III – Change and Development
Speech: Franklin D. Roosevelt’s 1937 Bonneville Address
Questions to Consider:
What environmental and social principles were behind Roosevelt’s support of the Bonneville Dam and hydropower?
1939 Brochure: “Fishways at Bonneville Dam”
Questions to Consider:
What made fish valuable and worth conserving, according to the brochure: “Fishways at Bonneville Dam”?
Minutes: 1939 meeting of tribal delegates to discuss damage to fishing sites
Legislation: Public Law 100-581, Title IV
Report: “A Study of Impacts to Significant Resources”
Questions to Consider:
What did the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers representatives believe about how Bonneville and other Dams would affect Native Americans?
Newspaper Article: “Local Kraft Pulp May Cut Imports”
1932 Newspaper Article: “C.W.P. Co. to Appeal $5,000 Hinz Judgment”
Questions to Consider:
Why did Camas residents support the Kraft mill despite its strong smell and air emissions?
EPA Fact Sheet: “The Pulp and Paper Industry, the Pulping Process, and Pollutant Releases into the Environment”
EPA Fact Sheet: “EPA’s Final Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard ‘Cluster Rule'”
Questions to Consider:
What part of the pulp and paper process releases pollutants?
Why did the EPA issue its “cluster rules”?
Transcript: Interview with Dean Dossett
Transcript: Interview with Jean Moszeter
Document: United Camas Associations of Neighborhoods Evolving a Vision for Camas 2001 — 2015
Questions to Consider:
How has development changed Camas physically and socially?
Washington State University Vancouver student papers
Early History of Camas Washougal’s Woolen Mill
Paper Mill History
Women at the Camas Mill
1917 Strike
Bonneville Dam
